Albert Einstein was a renowned physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity. His famous equation, E=mc^2, illustrates the relationship between energy and mass, laying the groundwork for modern physics. Born in Ulm, Germany in 1879, Einstein's curiosity and intellect led him to make groundbreaking contributions to quantum mechanics and cosmology. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect, further solidifying his legacy as one of the most influential scientists in history.