Cities are densely populated areas that serve as hubs for culture, commerce, and governance. They are characterized by their infrastructure, including buildings, roads, and public transport systems, which facilitate the movement of people and goods. Major cities often have diverse populations and vibrant communities, contributing to their unique identities. The development of cities has evolved over centuries, influenced by factors such as geography, economy, and technology. Today, cities face challenges like urbanization, sustainability, and social inequality, prompting innovative solutions in urban planning and smart city initiatives to enhance the quality of life for residents.