The Renaissance was a vibrant period of European history that spanned from the 14th to the 17th century, marking a revival of art, literature, and learning inspired by classical antiquity. This era saw the emergence of renowned figures such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, who transformed artistic expression and techniques. In addition to art, the Renaissance fostered significant advancements in science, philosophy, and exploration. Thinkers like Niccolò Machiavelli and Galileo Galilei challenged existing ideas, paving the way for modern thought and innovation. The Renaissance ultimately laid the groundwork for the transition into the modern age.